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Coordinated disinformation campaigns portraying government critics as “foreign agents” are silencing dissent and fueling intimidation and violence under Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto, Amnesty International said in a new report published today.
‘Building up Imaginary Enemies’ reveals a growing pattern in which Indonesian authorities – including the military – deploy online disinformation to target journalists, activists, academics and protesters in retaliation for their legitimate activism and expression. Meanwhile, tech giants Meta, TikTok, X and YouTube have allowed harmful disinformation to remain online.
“Authoritarian practices have accelerated in Indonesia under President Prabowo Subianto’s government. Amnesty’s research shows that in the 18 months since Prabowo took power, online disinformation has emerged as a key tactic to systematically discredit government critics, shut down public debate and justify repression – all while social media companies sit back and let it happen,” Amnesty International’s Secretary General Agnès Callamard said.
“This disinformation is a political weapon, deployed to consolidate the government’s power when public criticism intensifies, while demonizing and weakening those who dare to speak out. By branding protesters, journalists and human rights defenders as ‘foreign agents’, Indonesia’s authorities and their supporters are deliberately shifting attention away from people’s legitimate grievances.”
Intent to deceive
Since President Prabowo took office in October 2024, there have been multiple waves of demonstrations in Indonesia, including against corruption, budget cuts, environmental degradation and expanded powers handed to the military. Prabowo and senior officials have responded by repeatedly and publicly accusing critics of being paid, manipulated and controlled by foreign interests, and framing dissent as orchestrated rather than legitimate.
This has been followed by a proliferation of “foreign agent” slurs against civil society actors online, often based on unsubstantiated claims that they want to “undermine” or “divide” Indonesia due to the fact they receive foreign funding or other support from overseas actors.
Under international law, civil society organizations and media outlets have the right to access international funding, which is often essential for exercising the right to freedom of association.
Amnesty International’s research found that campaigns disseminating false “foreign agent” allegations against civil society have in most instances involved hundreds of accounts acting in sync to post identical videos, graphics or messages in quick succession. This false information is then amplified across Instagram, Facebook, X, TikTok and YouTube. Amnesty was able to infer from the coordinated nature of the campaigns that these accounts were spreading falsehoods with the intention to deceive, a key element of disinformation.
The implications for those branded as “foreign agents” are severe, with victims telling Amnesty it undermined their work and credibility, increased their risk of criminalization and exposed them to physical harm.
‘Your head will fall to the ground’
Digital disinformation campaigns have frequently spilled over into physical violence. In March 2026, Andrie Yunus, deputy coordinator of the Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence (KontraS), was the victim of an acid attack in Jakarta, suffering severe chemical burns.
State investigations later led to the arrest of four military officers. Yet even after the acid attack and arrests, disinformation continued. Coordinated videos accused Yunus of staging the assault to attract foreign funding.
Independent media outlets have also been heavily targeted. Tempo, one of Indonesia’s most respected news organizations, faced sustained disinformation campaigns, including by Instagram accounts presenting themselves as military units, accusing it of being controlled by foreign donors after it reported critically on government policy.
Online smear campaigns were accompanied by chilling acts of intimidation, including a severed pig’s head delivered to Tempo’s newsroom and follow-up packages containing decapitated rats. Online disinformation then sought to portray the threats as staged stunts to garner foreign support.
Greenpeace Indonesia activist Iqbal Damanik was targeted after he led a peaceful protest against the government’s mining activities in Raja Ampat, West Papua.
He told Amnesty: “I received so many direct messages from anonymous users. I assume they are the ones who believe the disinformation out there about me. Some threatened to kill me. One of them said, ‘Your head will fall to the ground.”
Climate of intimidation
The pervasive use of disinformation has created a climate of fear far beyond those directly targeted, discouraging people from participating in protests, collaborating with civil society organizations or expressing critical views online.
As one journalist told Amnesty: “This is dangerous for all of us. If we all become afraid of being labelled ‘foreign agents’ and stop reporting news or any stories critical of the government, then we are back to the authoritarian atmosphere of the past.”
Amnesty’s report found that Indonesia’s domestic laws fail to protect those targeted with disinformation and are more likely to be used to prosecute and criminalize critics. A new proposed law on ‘Countering Disinformation and Foreign Propaganda’ risks deepening Indonesia’s authoritarian trajectory by being used to further restrict the right to freedom of expression.
“Instead of upholding fundamental rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly, Indonesian authorities have failed at every level: state actors participate in the attacks, victims are denied protection and a climate of intimidation is allowed to take hold,” Agnès Callamard said.
“The Indonesian government must protect journalists, activists and protesters rather than enabling and disseminating toxic disinformation against them.”
Social media companies’ responsibilities
The report also finds that Meta, TikTok, X and YouTube’s inadequate content moderation, engagement-driven algorithms and failure to address Indonesia’s heightened human rights risks allowed disinformation to spread rapidly. Most of the posts documented remained online for months – some for more than a year – and many went viral.
“Big Tech’s failures have contributed to the human rights harms documented in this report, with falsehoods spreading faster than facts. Their platforms have played a significant role in enabling an environment in which disinformation, censorship and violence can thrive,” Agnès Callamard said.
Amnesty International wrote to Meta, TikTok, X and YouTube twice: first to seek information during the research phase, and later to share its findings before publication. Only TikTok responded to Amnesty International’s letters detailing our findings, pledging to “set up additional monitoring for this specific issue”.
“Despite the increasingly hostile climate for human rights work and failures of the government and social media companies to counter disinformation, many of the activists we interviewed remain resilient. They continue to adapt, support one another and resist. However, the burden must not rest on them alone,” Agnès Callamard said.
“Amid the heightened risks under President Prabowo’s administration, Meta, TikTok, X and YouTube must stop disinformation, strengthen content moderation, conduct Indonesia-specific human rights due diligence and provide remedy to those harmed due to their failures.”
Ngā Kaituhi Māori and The NZ Society of Authors Te Puni Kaituhi o Aotearoa have announced the recipients of the NZSA Ngā Kaituhi Māori Mentorship & Kupu Kaitiaki Programmes for 2026.
One of the judges, Cassie Hart said ‘This year we had a wonderful pool of applications spanning a range of genres. It was really hard to make the selection due to this – there is so much passion, creativity, and innovation here, so keep on writing! I love that our writers are thinking carefully about their goals and what they hope to achieve both within the context of these programmes, and afterwards. It makes me feel really excited about the future of Māori writing.’
Chair of Kaituhi Māori, matua Witi Ihimaera, says Ka tuhia e au tōku iwi, ka tuhia hoki ahau e tōku iwi. All the recipients this year are wāhine kaituhituhi and all represent kaupapa that are important to us. Every one emphasises who and what they are writing for. “I write for them, my mokopuna and whānau.” “Rangatiratanga over our stories rest with us.” “She is hoping to encourage readers to reconnect to their heritage as she has been.” “For every voice that never felt brave enough to cry out.” “Thank you, Tuupuna.” Our warmest thanks and welcome to them all and the mentors who will be supporting them so unselfishly, all women too!
NZSA Kaituhi Māori Mentorship Programme Recipients:
Marni Adlam
Marni Adlam (Muriwhenua/Ngāpuhi/Te Whakatōhea) was raised off the grid in the gumfields of Te Hiku o te Ika-a-Maui. Her debut coming-of-age novel Children of Myth and Men is a YA fantasy rooted in Māori mythology. It follows two teens who lose everything and must find their way and themselves in a mythical world. For everyone who has ever felt between worlds. For every young person still waiting to be found. For every voice that never felt brave enough to cry out.
Marni will be mentored by Steph Makutu.
Renee Karena
He tuhanga ahau nō Te Whare Tapu o Ngāpuhi, Hauraki, Ngāti Maniapoto anō hoki. Tēnei te mihi ki te NZSA me te kāhui Kaituhi Māori. Nōku te māngari ki te noho i raro i ngā parirau o tētahi tuakana hei wānanga māua. I’m a Barrister working in the District Courts and Youth Courts in Tāmaki Makaurau. I’ve written a handful of articles for the online magazine E-Tangata. I write non-fiction in both English and Māori. I also write poetry with a focus on contemporary issues and in both languages. I’ve been researching and writing my grandmother’s biography for around nine years. My grandmother lived a fascinating life. I believe it is important for Māori to write about our tūpuna. There is richness in their stories. It is for Māori to tell the stories of our forebears – rangatiratanga over our stories rests with us.
Renee will be mentored by Atakohu Middleton.
Kitty Moran
Kitty Moran (Waikato-Tainui) is a māmā who lives with her husband and two young tama in Waitaha Canterbury. She has been writing for as long as she can remember, often just little scraps of a story here and there, and comes from a whānau of creatives. Growing up in a predominantly pākehā environment, she has been embracing te ao māori in her life. Her writing leans on her sensitivity to the stories of life and touches on themes of mental health, grief, Māori-Pākehā identity, relationships, and motherhood. Although she is as of yet unpublished, she is hoping to bring her stories to the world and encourage readers to reconnect to their Māori heritage as she has been.
Kitty will be mentored by Shelley Burne-Field.
Rosemary Putaranui
Tena Koutou Katoa my name is Rosemary Putaranui I am of Maaori descent. My tribal affiliations belong to Waikato, Kahungunu and Nga Puhi. I was raised in a small rural community on the West coast of the North island in a small community called ‘Tahaaroa’ within the Waikato Tribe. Access is defined by one road in and one road out allowing for a rich environment which fostered my deep understanding of Te Ao Maori and crystalised ethics of the Kingitanga. Thank you, Tuupuna. I currently reside in Raglan with my husband. I am a Daughter, Mother, Nanny, Sister and Aunty and consider this to be an important part of who I am and vital to the stories that I write about. This may sound simple in its onset. These identities fuel my writing with passion, laughter, tears and great respect for my Upbringing. Short Fiction captures the essence! Naaku Noa Rose.
Rosemary will be mentored by Emma Hislop.
Kupu Kaitiaki manuscript assessment programme recipients:
Therese Cargo
Ko Thérèse Cargo tōku ingoa (Kai Tahu, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Pākehā). With over thirty years of experience spanning mainstream and specialist education, I bring a deep understanding of learning to my writing practice. My passion for writing was ignited during the 2010/2011 National Writing Project, where I focused on developing authentic writing skills in both myself and my students. Following the announcement of the New Zealand Histories Curriculum in 2019, I conceived the idea for this young adult historical fiction novel. I am thrilled to finally bring it to life with the support of the NZSA Kupu Kaitiaki Programme.
Kerry Lee Marsden
Kerry Lee Marsden (Ngāti Kāhu, Te Rarawa, Ngāi Takoto) a proud clan tribal woman. I am delighted to be a programme recipient and considered a new and emerging writer. My grandmother was published and owned a black Imperial typewriter. She and my mother read profusely, it was our job as kids, to carry their bag-of-books to and from the library every week. We are McIvor’s. Southland Scots, clan people, strong, gritty and aware. Far from my dad’s Māori roots in Northland. Those roots grew as him, a powerful tree that sheltered and protected us back then, as we worked, laughed, loved and played. I write for them, my mokopuna and whānau. My introductory attempt at storytelling is Wild Beautiful Things, the first part of a novella trilogy in children/young adult fantasy sci fi genre. I hope this exciting opportunity develops the manuscript for publication and my writing as a Māori voice.
A major overhaul of the University of Auckland’s health programmes expands study options, creates flexibility and prepares graduates for the future health workforce.
Waipapa Taumata Rau, University of Auckland has announced a major redesign of its undergraduate health programmes, creating clearer and more flexible pathways into a wide range of health careers and strengthening the foundations required for clinical health careers.
The changes, the most significant overhaul of the University’s undergraduate health offerings in decades, will take effect from 2027 and are designed to broaden student choice, improve equity and well-being, and ensure graduates are well prepared for the evolving needs of Aotearoa New Zealand’s health system.
Strengthened undergraduate programmes
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Key programme changes include:
Dean of the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Professor Warwick Bagg, says the redesign delivers strong, standalone qualifications that build future‑focused skills and gives students robust career options beyond clinical work.
“Our health system is facing increasingly complex challenges, and health careers are evolving,” Bagg says.
“As an education provider, we have a responsibility to prepare students not just for today’s workforce, but for what lies ahead.
“These redesigned programmes open up new possibilities for students and support the development of modern skills and new ways of thinking needed across the health sector.”
Bagg says the changes strengthen pathways into non‑clinical health careers, reducing the pressure of an all‑or‑nothing race into clinical programmes and recognising the need to view health in a broader context beyond traditional clinical roles.
“Impactful careers in health take many forms, and many students benefit from the chance to explore where their interests and strengths best fit. The ability to combine complementary majors will also increase graduates’ employability and long-term career resilience.
“Not every capable student ends up in a clinical programme. These degrees give students a strong option for meaningful, impactful careers across science, policy, data, innovation and community health.”
He says a case in point is the new Bachelor of Biomedical Science.
“Students will be in a cohort and can now study health conditions, such as diabetes or cancer, from multiple perspectives, in an integrated way, as they progress through the degree, which better prepares graduates for laboratory science, research, biotechnology and postgraduate study.”
Updated selection into clinical programmes
Alongside the programme redesign, the University is modernising how students are selected into its medical programmes, and there are also updates to the Pharmacy, Optometry and Medical Imaging admissions processes.
From 2027, applicants to the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) will still need to achieve a minimum GPA of 6.0 (B+). Final selection will then be based on performance in a Multiple Mini Interview (MMI) and a situational judgement test (CASPer), replacing the current UCAT (University Clinical Aptitude Test).
These modern tools assess communication, decision-making and professional judgement, qualities Bagg says are vital to ensure safe and effective clinical practice.
“Excellence in healthcare relies on more than academic results alone, but this does not mean standards are being lowered,” Bagg says.
He says selection is rigorous and robust and a strong academic standard remains in place.
“What’s changing is how we define excellence once that standard is achieved. Evidence shows that once the academic threshold is met, there is little value in ranking applicants on very small GPA differences, and that MMI performance is a stronger indicator of how someone will perform when assessing clinical competence.”
He says the University is combining selection tools used internationally. “It helps us select well-rounded candidates, not just strong test-takers.”
The changes are also expected to improve the experience of first-year students across all health programmes, supporting a more diverse intake into health studies.
“The current model has fostered an overly competitive environment, even for students not aiming for clinical pathways,” Bagg says. “We want to foster collaboration and a sense that there are multiple valid pathways into meaningful health careers.
“Right now, success in admission is too closely linked to socio-economic advantage. We want to ensure more capable students see medicine as a realistic option so that our future health workforce is reflective of our society.”
Applicants to Pharmacy, Optometry and Medical Imaging will continue to be ranked using a combination of GPA and MMI performance. From 2026, the MMIs for all four clinical programmes will be delivered in an asynchronous format, with applicants recording timed responses to standardised pre-recorded questions rather than attending live interviews.
Bagg says this format allows all applicants to respond to the same questions in a structured format, improving consistency in assessment.
The University will also introduce a standardised Guaranteed Entry Score of 200 for school-leavers across all undergraduate health programmes, replacing existing variations between degrees.
Current first-year students applying for entry into clinical programmes starting in 2027 are not affected, with existing criteria remaining in place for those cohorts.
The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, established in 1968, is one of Aotearoa New Zealand’s leading faculties for health education and research. Its programmes are developed in partnership with health professionals and combine strong academic foundations with real‑world clinical experience.
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